{"id":1821,"date":"2025-07-01T08:08:30","date_gmt":"2025-07-01T06:08:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bod.ujep.cz\/?p=1821"},"modified":"2025-07-01T08:14:17","modified_gmt":"2025-07-01T06:14:17","slug":"ales-loziak-rizeni-kulturni-instituce","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bod.ujep.cz\/?p=1821","title":{"rendered":"Ale\u0161 Loziak: \u0158\u00edzen\u00ed kulturn\u00ed instituce"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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V\u00edcezdrojov\u00e9 financov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00edcezdrojov\u00e9 financov\u00e1n\u00ed je v kultu\u0159e b\u011b\u017enou, ale n\u00e1ro\u010dnou prax\u00ed. Kombinace dotac\u00ed, vlastn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f a dar\u016f p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed \u0159adu v\u00fdzev \u2013 od slo\u017eit\u00fdch podm\u00ednek grantov\u00fdch v\u00fdzev, p\u0159es administrativn\u00ed a \u00fa\u010detn\u00ed n\u00e1roky, a\u017e po r\u016fznorod\u00e9 formy odm\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed zapojen\u00fdch profes\u00ed. Bez pe\u010dliv\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed a dobr\u00e9 orientace v pravidlech se m\u016f\u017ee finan\u010dn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed kulturn\u00edch projekt\u016f velice rychle zkomplikovat.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V obecn\u00e9m r\u00e1mci se struktura finan\u010dn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed kulturn\u00edch organizac\u00ed a projekt\u016f neli\u0161\u00ed od ostatn\u00edch odv\u011btv\u00ed. Ekosyst\u00e9m kulturn\u00edch organizac\u00ed je v\u0161ak velice fragmentovan\u00fd, ka\u017ed\u00e1 kulturn\u00ed organizace nejen z pohledu jej\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed je v\u017edy n\u011b\u010d\u00edm specifick\u00e1. Jedn\u00edm z nich je nepochybn\u011b financov\u00e1n\u00ed. Zat\u00edmco v soukrom\u00e9m sektoru finan\u010dn\u00ed pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed vych\u00e1z\u00ed \u010dasto z jedin\u00e9ho finan\u010dn\u00edho zdroje, kter\u00fdm je prodej v\u00fdrobku, p\u0159\u00edp. slu\u017eby, u kulturn\u00edch projekt\u016f jde o kombinaci ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch financ\u00ed (granty, dotace), tr\u017eeb za vlastn\u00ed v\u00fdkon a slu\u017eby (prodej vstupenek, prodej reklamn\u00edch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f apod.) a p\u0159\u00edjmy z dar\u016f. Jedn\u00e1 se o tzv. v\u00edcezdrojov\u00e9 financov\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 kulturn\u00ed akce, projekt, p\u0159\u00edp. celoro\u010dn\u00ed provoz organizace je financov\u00e1n z v\u00edce zdroj\u016f. Komplikovanost a \u010dasto nep\u0159ehlednost tohoto typu financov\u00e1n\u00ed je d\u00e1na p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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  1. Velkou rozd\u00edlnost\u00ed podm\u00ednek \u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Nestabilitou p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1roky na administrativu a vy\u00fa\u010dtov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Jste-li p\u0159\u00edjemcem ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch financ\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm n\u011bjak\u00e9ho dota\u010dn\u00edho programu, v\u017edy jste v\u00e1z\u00e1ni smlouvou ur\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed podm\u00ednky nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s poskytnut\u00fdmi prost\u0159edky. Tyto podm\u00ednky p\u0159esn\u011b ur\u010duj\u00ed, co za poskytnut\u00e9 pen\u00edze m\u016f\u017eete nakoupit, za co je utratit a jak\u00e9 n\u00e1klady naopak nesm\u00edte z t\u011bchto fin. prost\u0159edk\u016f pokr\u00fdt. \u010cast\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem je vyu\u017eit\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch financ\u00ed na pokryt\u00ed mzdov\u00fdch n\u00e1klad\u016f zam\u011bstnanc\u016f, n\u00e1kup drobn\u00e9ho majetku nebo pokryt\u00ed tzv. re\u017eijn\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f (energie, n\u00e1jem prostor apod.). Mnoh\u00e9 dota\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdzvy toto v\u016fbec neumo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed, u t\u011bch kter\u00e9 ano, je podm\u00ednka, \u017ee mzdov\u00e9 n\u00e1klady mus\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo souviset s projektem, na kter\u00e9 byly fin. prost\u0159edky \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1ny nebo nap\u0159. \u017ee z poskytnut\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f lze hradit max. 7% re\u017eijn\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f apod.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Prakticky v\u0161echny dota\u010dn\u00ed podm\u00ednky neumo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed pokr\u00fdt poskytnut\u00e9 prost\u0159edky na uhrazen\u00ed v\u0161ech n\u00e1klad\u016f projektu, v\u017edy je vy\u017eadov\u00e1no pokryt\u00ed zbyl\u00fdch n\u00e1klad\u016f projektu z jin\u00fdch zdroj\u016f. N\u011bkter\u00e9 podm\u00ednky dokonce stanovuj\u00ed i dodr\u017een\u00ed pom\u011bru ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch a soukrom\u00fdch finan\u010dn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f, nap\u0159. 85\/15%, tj. dan\u00fd projekt m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt financov\u00e1n z ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch financ\u00ed pouze z 85%, zbyl\u00fdch 15% mus\u00ed b\u00fdt hrazeno ze soukrom\u00fdch nebo vlastn\u00edch zdroj\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Dal\u0161\u00ed komplikovanost zp\u016fsobuje velmi rozd\u00edln\u00e1 struktura finan\u010dn\u00edho pl\u00e1nu dan\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy. Zat\u00edmco struktura finan\u010dn\u00edho pl\u00e1nu realiz\u00e1tora projektu v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b vych\u00e1z\u00ed z pravidel \u00fa\u010detnictv\u00ed (\u00fa\u010detn\u00ed st\u0159ediska, zak\u00e1zky, \u010dinnosti apod.), struktura finan\u010dn\u00edho pl\u00e1nu, kter\u00e1 je ur\u010dena poskytovatelem dotace, a kterou p\u0159edkl\u00e1d\u00e1te jak v r\u00e1mci \u017e\u00e1dosti, tak v r\u00e1mci n\u00e1sledn\u00e9ho vy\u00fa\u010dtov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u010dasto zcela nerespektuje z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pravidla \u00fa\u010dtov\u00e1n\u00ed. Mnohdy je velmi zjednodu\u0161en\u00e1, nebo naopak p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 komplikovan\u00e1 a nav\u00edc mnohdy neodr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed charakter dan\u00e9ho projektu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    P\u016fjdu-li je\u0161t\u011b do v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho detailu, pak dal\u0161\u00ed komplikovanost\u00ed je odli\u0161n\u00fd pohled na role \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f projektu a zp\u016fsob jak\u00fdm je jim vypl\u00e1cena odm\u011bna za odvedenou pr\u00e1ci \u2013 nap\u0159. lektor, grafik, produk\u010dn\u00ed, metodik vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edch program\u016f, zvuka\u0159 a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b pak vystupuj\u00edc\u00ed, tj. samotn\u00ed um\u011blci apod. Jedn\u00e1 se o nezbytn\u00e9 role, bez kter\u00fdch by kulturn\u00ed akce \u010di \u010dinnost organizace nebyla mo\u017en\u00e1. Z pohledu organizace se tyto role jev\u00ed jako p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd n\u00e1klad. Av\u0161ak ka\u017ed\u00e1 z t\u011bchto rol\u00ed je vypl\u00e1cena jinou formou \u2013 smlouva o d\u00edlo, dohoda o proveden\u00ed pr\u00e1ce, mzda (hlavn\u00ed pracovn\u00ed pom\u011br), faktura. Ka\u017ed\u00fd z t\u011bchto zp\u016fsob\u016f je v\u0161ak jinak vn\u00edm\u00e1m z pohledu \u00fa\u010detnictv\u00ed (kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 sv\u00e1 pravidla dan\u00e1 \u00fa\u010detn\u00edm z\u00e1konem), jinak z pohledu \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed dan\u00e9 kulturn\u00ed akce, a zcela jinak z pohledu poskytovatele prost\u0159edk\u016f, kdy n\u011bkter\u00e9 dota\u010dn\u00ed tituly nap\u0159. nepova\u017euj\u00ed mzdu za p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd n\u00e1klad, honor\u00e1\u0159e lektor\u016f zahrnuj\u00ed do slu\u017eeb atd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Dal\u0161\u00ed, nikoliv v\u0161ak posledn\u00ed komplikac\u00ed je \u00fa\u010dtov\u00e1n\u00ed organizace\/projektu. Ne ka\u017ed\u00e1 \u00fa\u010detn\u00ed firma um\u00ed dob\u0159e \u00fa\u010dtovat pr\u00e1v\u011b ono v\u00edcezdrojov\u00e9 financov\u00e1n\u00ed. Do probl\u00e9mu vstupuj\u00ed granty a dotace, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed jin\u00fd \u010dasov\u00fd r\u00e1mec ne\u017e fisk\u00e1ln\u00ed rok, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se cel\u00e9 vy\u00fa\u010dtov\u00e1n\u00ed komplikuje. \u010c\u00e1st fin. zdroj\u016f je zahrnuta do jednoho fisk\u00e1ln\u00edho roku, druh\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st pak do dal\u0161\u00edho. Mnoh\u00e9 dotace vypl\u00e1c\u00ed fin. prost\u0159edky a\u017e po p\u0159edlo\u017een\u00ed vy\u00fa\u010dtov\u00e1n\u00ed a pokud op\u011bt tento proces p\u0159ekro\u010d\u00ed jeden fisk\u00e1ln\u00ed rok, cel\u00fd proces finan\u010dn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v\u010detn\u011b vy\u00fa\u010dtov\u00e1n\u00ed se op\u011bt komplikuje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Z\u00e1sadn\u00ed probl\u00e9m nespo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee by nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 v\u0161echna tato pravidla, omezen\u00ed a komplikovanosti \u0159\u00eddit, ale rozumn\u011b, transparentn\u011b a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm dle platn\u00fdch z\u00e1kon\u016f \u010cR skloubit v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e1 specifika v\u00edcezdrojov\u00e9ho financov\u00e1n\u00ed nese velk\u00e9 n\u00e1roky na administrativu a finan\u010dn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed kulturn\u00edho projektu. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b existuj\u00ed \u00fa\u010detn\u00ed firmy, kter\u00e9 si s t\u011bmito situacemi um\u00ed poradit a znaj\u00ed velmi dob\u0159e tuto problematiku, ale nese to s sebou ur\u010dit\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1klady, kter\u00e9 v\u017edy nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt zanedbateln\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Problematiku v\u00edcezdrojov\u00e9ho financov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u010detn\u011b p\u0159\u00edpadov\u00fdch studi\u00ed budu detailn\u011bji rozv\u00edjet v r\u00e1mci kurzu \u0158\u00edzen\u00ed kulturn\u00ed instituce, kter\u00fd je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 aktivity 2 projektu RUR. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ale\u0161 Loziak<\/strong> vystudoval fotografii a v\u00fdtvarn\u00e1 um\u011bn\u00ed na FUD UJEP, kde aktu\u00e1ln\u011b p\u016fsob\u00ed na Kated\u0159e v\u00fdtvarn\u00fdch um\u011bn\u00ed. Je jedn\u00edm ze zakladatel\u016f Ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho s\u00e1lu Hrani\u010d\u00e1\u0159 (multikulturn\u00ed centrum), jeho\u017e organizaci od r. 2016 \u0159\u00edd\u00ed. Je inov\u00e1torem v oblasti kulturn\u011b kreativn\u00edch odv\u011btv\u00ed a pod\u00edl\u00ed se na \u010dinnosti s\u00edt\u011b pro rozvoj kultury v \u00dasteck\u00e9m kraji s n\u00e1zvem Kreativn\u00ed.uk. Kulturn\u011b kreativn\u00ed odv\u011btv\u00ed vn\u00edm\u00e1 jako d\u016fle\u017eitou a ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st transformace \u00dasteck\u00e9ho kraje.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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    foto Ji\u0159\u00ed Dvo\u0159\u00e1k a archiv Ale\u0161e Loziaka<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Odkaz na BOD.FUD: Kurzy kreativn\u00ed praxe<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    V\u00edcezdrojov\u00e9 financov\u00e1n\u00ed V\u00edcezdrojov\u00e9 financov\u00e1n\u00ed je v kultu\u0159e b\u011b\u017enou, ale n\u00e1ro\u010dnou prax\u00ed. Kombinace dotac\u00ed, vlastn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f a dar\u016f p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed \u0159adu v\u00fdzev \u2013 od slo\u017eit\u00fdch podm\u00ednek grantov\u00fdch v\u00fdzev, p\u0159es administrativn\u00ed a \u00fa\u010detn\u00ed n\u00e1roky, a\u017e po r\u016fznorod\u00e9 formy odm\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed zapojen\u00fdch profes\u00ed. Bez pe\u010dliv\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed a dobr\u00e9 orientace v pravidlech se m\u016f\u017ee finan\u010dn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed kulturn\u00edch projekt\u016f velice rychle zkomplikovat. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1822,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[25],"class_list":["post-1821","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kurzy","tag-kurzy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bod.ujep.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1821","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bod.ujep.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bod.ujep.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bod.ujep.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bod.ujep.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1821"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/bod.ujep.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1821\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1834,"href":"https:\/\/bod.ujep.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1821\/revisions\/1834"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bod.ujep.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1822"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bod.ujep.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1821"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bod.ujep.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1821"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bod.ujep.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1821"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}